Everything is in the Rastro!
For vintage clothing, I can provide you two places:
- Underground @ calle Mira el Rio Baja, 14
- 7 Mundos @ calle Carnero, 10
If you are interested in military clothes, there are some shops in the area, too. Just walk around those streets and you will probably find more stores of your interest. It is not very big, limited by Ribera de Curtidores (East), calle Toledo (W), Ronda de Toledo (S), and Plaza de Cascorro (N).