ATMs have to be the only way to fund ones travel in Spain. The only charges we incurred were from our bank in Ohio. We are allowed a certain number of free transactions and then we paid a small fee ($1.50). We did discover that on the same day, different banks will have different exchange rates. We used BBVA more than any other bank. Also, it seemed like the amount we were allowed to withdraw depended on whether it was during banking hours or after. It was usually €100 less if the bank was closed. I took some travel's cheques as an emergency backup, but never used one. About credit cards, be certain to notify your card company BEFORE you travel, and check with them about their policy concerning foreign transactions. Our LL Bean VISA had no additional fees for foreign transactions, yet all of our Mastercards charged an additional 2%!!!