You could start off at the
Palacio de Gaviria , and then go, along with those new people you've met
, to
Joy Eslava , wnich is only a few metres away in calle Arenal.
Other possibility is to go bar/disco hopping around the Plaza de Santa Ana, to places such as Los Gabrieles, Viva Madrid, Ducados Café, Villarosa, Cardamomo, España Cañí, La Fontana de Oro(close to Sol) or Manhattan Martini Bar(this one closer to Huertas)*....
If you're planning on a looong nite, you might combine both; in this case, I'd start at around 23:30-24hrs. 'tapeando' and having a few beers/wines/cocktails....at Sta. Ana, and then after 2:30-3AM I would head towards calle Arenal crossing La Puerta del Sol.
Other possibility is to head down to the Chueca area, but I'm not too familiar with its bars, I only know some nice restaurants; and Ï like a couple of places though; Bar Cock, and Del Diego, both only a few metres apart as well.
*Note: there are MANY more places to go in the area, these are just my personal favourites.